In Session X we discussed Global Monitoring, Surveillance and Rapid Response Capabilities and Disaster Management including epidemics and natural disasters.
The 1918 Spanish Flu epidemic is now believed to have been a strain of avian influenza, which mutated and spread from people to people. The epidemic killed an estimated 20-50 million people worldwide. The flu was fast acting and killed the post productive members of society, the working age population of 15-34, whereas during season flu the most vulnerable populations tend to be the elderly and young children.
The current Asian Avian flu strain H5N1 has thus far killed 62 people (122 cases per WHO), most of whom lived with or worked closely with domestic fowl, however it has not yet mutated to spread from person-to-person. The Spanish flu traveled at an unprecedented rate and killed millions within months. In today's fast globalized world it would take only a fraction of that time for such a virus to jump oceans. Therefore, our response systems must be equally fast if not faster to be able to contain the wildfire that could result.
The World Health Organization's Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response (EPR) is an integrated and internationally coordinated global alert and response system for epidemics and other public health emergencies.
Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response (EPR) has six core functions:
* Support Member States for the implementation of national capacities for epidemic preparedness and response in the context of the IHR(2005), including laboratory capacities and early warning alert and response systems;
* Support national and international training programmes for epidemic preparedness and response;
* Coordinate and support Member States for pandemic and seasonal influenza preparedness and response;
* Develop standardized approaches for readiness and response to major epidemic-prone diseases (e.g. meningitis, yellow fever, plague);
* Strengthen biosafety, biosecurity and readiness for outbreaks of dangerous and emerging pathogens outbreaks (e.g. SARS, viral haemorrhagic fevers);
* Maintain and further develop a global operational platform to support outbreak response and support regional offices in implementation at regional level.
[Source W.H.O. http://www.who.int/csr/en/]
I reminded of Larry Brilliant's INSTEDD, for International System for Total Early Disease Detection, an internet based early warning system that would be:
"transparent, with basic information freely available to everyone, preferably in their own language, and will be housed in a neutral country, independent of any single government, any single company, any single UN agency, but will offer its alerts, data, access to all."
INSTEDD would be based on the Canadian GPHIN, which detected and reported SARS before the W.H.O. and is now being utilized for Avian Flu. Established by Health Canada's Lab Centre for Disease Control, GPHIN stands for Global Public Health Intelligence Network and is an internet based system that continuously scans thousands of online sources, including local newspapers, the wires, blogs and health bulletins worldwide in seven languages, flagging news of infectious disease outbreaks, natural disasters and other public health calamities. The flagged data is then forwarded to public health experts for analysis including the W.H.O.
With Larry Brilliant's transparent technology and the W.H.O.'s capacity building, the framework is being established for rapid response capabilities. Technology and innovation will be the crucial components of any 21st century solutions to epidemic response.